There were three major limitations in this study. First, some
of the tasks were relatively difficult for kindergarteners. Because
the children included were beginners in learning Chinese and had
relatively little literacy experience, word reading, writing, and
visual-orthographic copying tasks may have been somewhat dif-
ficult for them to complete, especially at T1. Second, the sample
size was relatively small and homogeneous in SES composition
(middle-class) and geographical background (urban). The relatively
small and homogeneous sample might limit the generalizability of
the findings to a larger population. In future studies, a larger sample
with different SES levels and geographical backgrounds may
be needed to further explore the concurrent and longitudinal predictors
of early Chinese literacy skills as well as the individual
differences in early Chinese literacy development. Third, it should
be noted that the unique correlates of early Chinese reading and
writing skills were obtained from a design that was correlational
by nature; thus, a causal relationship between these skills awaits
further investigations