The SSF strategy has been used with the VHG process in other reports to improve yeast performance. The performance of yeast in VHG is reduced by the high osmotic pressure caused by the high concentration of dissolved carbohydrate in the starting fermentation mash and toxicity by high ethanol concentration [4].Higher ethanol concentrations can be achieved using VHG fermentation compared with conventional industrial process for cassava(10–13%, v/v) [30]. The final ethanol concentration obtained by the thermal process in our study was greater than that reported for VHG fermentation of other grains (wheat, corn, oat, rye, millet, and sorghum) and root mashes (sweet potato, potato), which yielded ethanol concentrations of 12.6–17.1% (v/v) [4], with the exception of one report of VHG fermentation of wheat mash [3]. The ethanol concentration and yield achieved were comparable to the recently reported VHG fermentation of dried peeled cassava root powder(15.03 wt% with the initial solid of 40%) [32]. However, the powder presumably had a lower cell wall polysaccharide content and was less viscous than the cassava feedstocks employed in this study.