Sample
District-level data for this study are based on survey responses from 104
district-level personnel, which included 18 superintendents, 1 assistant
superintendent, 32 curriculum development directors, 15 head technicians,
17 professional development directors, and 21 directors of technology.
Researchers collected school-level data from 81 elementary principals and
classroom-level data from 1,040 teachers across the 81 elementary schools
for which there was corresponding principal data. Of the 1,040 teachers