Much has been learnt regarding what factors are, in general, critical for a successful ERP system. However, many questions remain unanswered. The most vexing issue is a determination of the process to be followed in applying CSF. We know that CSF interact (Grabski and Leech 2007). However, we do not know how multiple CSFs interact; whether they would interact in the same fashion in different contexts or different lifecycle stages, or if there is a consistent underlying factor or set of factors or complex hidden environmental contingencies. Similarly, we do not know if different CSFs apply in different situations. For example, do CSFs in a first-time implementation differ from the CSFs for firms with mature ERP systems undertaking new module deployments or vendor changes? Does a change in the ERP technology base (e.g., cloud-based applications versus traditional in-house hosted ERP environments) result in new or different CSF? One line of thought is that ERP systems are primarily people systems that are enabled through technology (Wallace and Kremzar 2001); as such, there should not be a change in the CSF. Another view is that a change in the technology modifies the way in which people interact with the system (Boudreau and Robey 2005; Dery et al. 2006a, 2006b; Grant et al. 2006) and, consequently, there should be a different set of issues and CSF. These are researchable questions.