3.3.1. Variance component estimation.
As the parameter estimation in c5++ relies on a Gauss–Markov model [24] it is possible to implement methods to determine the variance components of different groups of observations. The idea of variance component estimation (VCE) goes back to the beginning of the last century [25] and has seen many improvements and refinements based on different algorithms. Following this concept, it is possible in c5++ to estimate the variance component for VLBI observations, station-based GPS variance components for both GPS code- and carrier phase observations, as well as a component that gives proper weight to the local tie information (see section 3.3.2). In order to realize VCE for parameter adjustment problems with several thousand parameters, the simplified algorithm proposed in [26] has been implemented in c5++ . Thus, one can determine the variance factor of the i-th group of observations by
Equation (2)
where vi denotes the residual vector of the prior adjustment and Pi is the corresponding variance-covariance matrix. Together with the degree of freedom ri of the i-th group, one can iteratively determine the variance components while solving the least-squares adjustment problem. Since correlations among the observations are not considered here one can update the variance component parameters after each iteration without the need of maintaining the large variance-covariance matrix as required for the original algorithm described in [25].
3.3.1. Variance component estimation.As the parameter estimation in c5++ relies on a Gauss–Markov model [24] it is possible to implement methods to determine the variance components of different groups of observations. The idea of variance component estimation (VCE) goes back to the beginning of the last century [25] and has seen many improvements and refinements based on different algorithms. Following this concept, it is possible in c5++ to estimate the variance component for VLBI observations, station-based GPS variance components for both GPS code- and carrier phase observations, as well as a component that gives proper weight to the local tie information (see section 3.3.2). In order to realize VCE for parameter adjustment problems with several thousand parameters, the simplified algorithm proposed in [26] has been implemented in c5++ . Thus, one can determine the variance factor of the i-th group of observations byEquation (2)where vi denotes the residual vector of the prior adjustment and Pi is the corresponding variance-covariance matrix. Together with the degree of freedom ri of the i-th group, one can iteratively determine the variance components while solving the least-squares adjustment problem. Since correlations among the observations are not considered here one can update the variance component parameters after each iteration without the need of maintaining the large variance-covariance matrix as required for the original algorithm described in [25].
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