Subjects
Subjects included in this study were 10 dia-betic patients attending the Out-Patient Department of Naresuan University Hospital as part of their fol-low-up routine and 10 healthy blood donors (aged 20-36 years) from the Blood Bank Centre, Naresuan University. The diagnosis of diabetes was estab-lished by recording fasting blood sugar levels ≥ 125 mg/dl two times. Nine patients were diagnosed with non-insulin dependent (type 2) diabetes mellitus and one patient with insulin-dependent (type 1) diabetes mellitus. Eight of the 10 diabetic patients had an elevated HbA1c of more than 5.7%. This study was approved by the Local Ethical Committee of Nare-suan University (permission number 4602040009) and written informed consents were obtained from all diabetic patients involved.