remanufacturing, retrieval (cannibalization), recycling and incineration or landfill. Finally,
redistribution is the process of bringing the recovered goods to new users. The condition of
returned products determines the nature of reprocessing to be performed on them.
Table1 provides us an insight of the recovery options being researched in the period of
our study on GrLND issues. It may be noted that a particular study may be a part of multiple
recovery option, indication the article consider multiple reprocessing on the GrLND model (e.g.
Jayaraman et al. 2003). It could be observed that most of the studies have been performed for
remanufacturing and recycling reprocessing along with disposal (either landfill or incineration)
options. No study could be found in the redistribution and resale option at the product recovery
stage. Also no study was found for the cannibalization reprocessing option. Future studies in this
field may significantly reduce the burden of disposal and improve the quality of products
available to the market. For example, if a pharmaceutical drug is not being used by a given
population because of less diseases infection in a particular year, we can design a GrLND model
to retrieve the products pre-expiry for redistribution/resale in alternate market of need without
compromising the quality of the drug. This would lead to sustainable operation as it benefits
society, minimizes disposal and hence the cost to operations