Keller (1992) subsequently examines 66 project groups in
three industrial R&D organizations using a longitudinal experiment
based on regression analysis. He concludes that transformational
leadership, the sum of charismatic leadership and
intellectual stimulation, significantly affects project outcomes.
More recently, Calamel et al. (2012) evaluate two collaborative
R&D projects in a large global innovation cluster in France using
a longitudinal design. They conclude that team collaboration,
which is a product of social construction, is an important factor in
project success.