Introduction
Oil spillage is part of the petroleum exploration, production and
transportation business. Several oil spills have occurred in the past
around the world which have caused significant ecological
damage, including two notable catastrophic oil spills in 2010;
the Macondo Spill off the coast of Louisiana and the Xingang Port
oil spill in China. With more than 80 million barrels of crude oil
produced daily and nearly half of this crude oil transported by sea
around the world, oil spills have become inevitable. These oil spills
compromise environmental quality, placing human and animal
health at risk, polluting water sources and destroying various
natural resources. Spills demand urgent cleanup to reduce
environmental damage, damage to company reputation, as well
as regulatory sanctions