At all swimming speeds, all participants exhibited asymmetrical leg-to-arm coordination between their affected and unaffected sides Table III. For those using a six-beat kick at 100 m pace, Figure 2, the angular position of the unaffected arm was 12 ± 12°, 41 ± 22° and 94 ± 30° at the end of the first (opposite side), second (same side) and third (opposite side) downbeat, respectively. In comparison, the affected arm angle for these swimmers was −3 ± 16° (P < 0.05; ES = 1.06; 95% CI = 3.55–26.45), 16 ± 23° (P < 0.05; ES = 1.11; 95% CI = 6.78–43.22) and 82 ± 45° (P > 0.05) at the same instances. At 100 m pace, for those using a four-beat kick, the affected arm angle was 8 ± 13° and 35 ± 5° at the end of the first (opposite side) and second (same side) downbeat, respectively, while the unaffected arm angle was 0 ± 9° and 80 ± 19° at the end of the first (same side) and second (opposite side) downbeat. Between-side asymmetry was also evident for the participant using an eight-beat kick. Swimming speed did not have a significant effect on the leg-to-arm coordination of those who used a six-beat kick.
At all swimming speeds, all participants exhibited asymmetrical leg-to-arm coordination between their affected and unaffected sides Table III. For those using a six-beat kick at 100 m pace, Figure 2, the angular position of the unaffected arm was 12 ± 12°, 41 ± 22° and 94 ± 30° at the end of the first (opposite side), second (same side) and third (opposite side) downbeat, respectively. In comparison, the affected arm angle for these swimmers was −3 ± 16° (P < 0.05; ES = 1.06; 95% CI = 3.55–26.45), 16 ± 23° (P < 0.05; ES = 1.11; 95% CI = 6.78–43.22) and 82 ± 45° (P > 0.05) at the same instances. At 100 m pace, for those using a four-beat kick, the affected arm angle was 8 ± 13° and 35 ± 5° at the end of the first (opposite side) and second (same side) downbeat, respectively, while the unaffected arm angle was 0 ± 9° and 80 ± 19° at the end of the first (same side) and second (opposite side) downbeat. Between-side asymmetry was also evident for the participant using an eight-beat kick. Swimming speed did not have a significant effect on the leg-to-arm coordination of those who used a six-beat kick.
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