6. Professionally trained teachers emply themselves most productively when they are performing such tasks as instructing classes, individual pupils, or small groups, diagnosing pupil needs, and planning instructional programs rather than carrying out such clerical duties as keeping instructional programs rather than carrying out such clerical duties as keeping records, scoring tests, and so on. The efficiency and economy of school program can be increased by employing clerical help to relieve teachars of many nonteaching duties.