On the other hand, the occurrence of E. coli in shell- fish has been accounted in different parts of the world [22,34-37]. Gourmelon et al. [38] suggested that shell- fish collected in coastal environments can serve as a ve- hicle for Shiga toxin-producing E. coli transmission. These authors analyzed samples of mussels (Mytilus edu- lis and Mytilus galloprovincialis), oysters (Crassostrea gigas) and cockles (Cerastoderma edule) collected from coastal and estuarine environments, and performed the first isolation of ETEC stx1d strains in France.
Considering bivalve mollusks, DePaola et al. [39] ana- lyzed oysters originated from nine US states and ve- rified that the highest geometric mean levels of E. coli (~200 MPN/100g) were found in Gulf region oysters during the summer. Watkinson et al. [40] detected cepha- lothin and gentamicin-resistant E. coli in oysters (Sac-costrea commercialis) affected by wastewater treatment plants.
Regarding the crustaceans, during the 1970s, a study by Yap [41] showed a low index rate of contamination by E. coli in pre-cooked rock lobster meat from South Australian fish-processing plants. The authors state that the microbiological quality is related to good manufac- turing practices. Swartzentruber et al. [42] examined the bacteriological profile of frozen lobster tail and frozen shrimp products and had geometric means for E. coli < 10 per g for all products.
Enterohemorrhagic E. coli O157:H7 in shrimp from India was first reported by Surendraraj et al. [43]. The authors suggested that the isolation of EHEC strains from Fenneropenaeus indicus shrimp samples indicates a severe adherence to hygienic handling methods, also stat- ing the major importance that proper cooking and pro- cessing has for a safe consumption of the product.
Teophilo et al. [44] isolated E. coli strains from sea- bob shrimp (Xiphopenaeus kroyeri) samples marketed in Brazil, and also detected LT- and ST-toxin-producing E. coli strains. Manna et al. [45] acknowledged the pre- sence of non-sorbitol-fermenting E. coli in foods— shrimp, raw meat, milk, and cattle stool—those of which be- longed to 38 different serogroups, with E. coli O157 constituting 14.6% from the total of isolates.
The bacteriological quality of farmed shrimp must be duly addressed. Mohamed Hatha et al. [46] evaluated the microbiological of shrimp products for export trade pro- duced from aquacultured shrimp, observing the high pre- valence of E. coli in headless shell-on shrimps. E. coli was also detected in cooked, peeled tail-on shrimp sam- ples. Koonse et al. [47] suggest that the concentration of fecal bacteria—E. coli included—in the source and grow- out pond water is associated to the occurrence of Sal-monella bacteria in shrimp from aquaculture opera-tions.
In Turkey, Matyar et al. [48] isolated E. coli strains
On the other hand, the occurrence of E. coli in shell- fish has been accounted in different parts of the world [22,34-37]. Gourmelon et al. [38] suggested that shell- fish collected in coastal environments can serve as a ve- hicle for Shiga toxin-producing E. coli transmission. These authors analyzed samples of mussels (Mytilus edu- lis and Mytilus galloprovincialis), oysters (Crassostrea gigas) and cockles (Cerastoderma edule) collected from coastal and estuarine environments, and performed the first isolation of ETEC stx1d strains in France.
Considering bivalve mollusks, DePaola et al. [39] ana- lyzed oysters originated from nine US states and ve- rified that the highest geometric mean levels of E. coli (~200 MPN/100g) were found in Gulf region oysters during the summer. Watkinson et al. [40] detected cepha- lothin and gentamicin-resistant E. coli in oysters (Sac-costrea commercialis) affected by wastewater treatment plants.
Regarding the crustaceans, during the 1970s, a study by Yap [41] showed a low index rate of contamination by E. coli in pre-cooked rock lobster meat from South Australian fish-processing plants. The authors state that the microbiological quality is related to good manufac- turing practices. Swartzentruber et al. [42] examined the bacteriological profile of frozen lobster tail and frozen shrimp products and had geometric means for E. coli < 10 per g for all products.
Enterohemorrhagic E. coli O157:H7 in shrimp from India was first reported by Surendraraj et al. [43]. The authors suggested that the isolation of EHEC strains from Fenneropenaeus indicus shrimp samples indicates a severe adherence to hygienic handling methods, also stat- ing the major importance that proper cooking and pro- cessing has for a safe consumption of the product.
Teophilo et al. [44] isolated E. coli strains from sea- bob shrimp (Xiphopenaeus kroyeri) samples marketed in Brazil, and also detected LT- and ST-toxin-producing E. coli strains. Manna et al. [45] acknowledged the pre- sence of non-sorbitol-fermenting E. coli in foods— shrimp, raw meat, milk, and cattle stool—those of which be- longed to 38 different serogroups, with E. coli O157 constituting 14.6% from the total of isolates.
The bacteriological quality of farmed shrimp must be duly addressed. Mohamed Hatha et al. [46] evaluated the microbiological of shrimp products for export trade pro- duced from aquacultured shrimp, observing the high pre- valence of E. coli in headless shell-on shrimps. E. coli was also detected in cooked, peeled tail-on shrimp sam- ples. Koonse et al. [47] suggest that the concentration of fecal bacteria—E. coli included—in the source and grow- out pond water is associated to the occurrence of Sal-monella bacteria in shrimp from aquaculture opera-tions.
In Turkey, Matyar et al. [48] isolated E. coli strains
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