and use will not work, but mechanisms such as linking KM to performance reviews,
creating a safe environment for people to share, and recognizing those who contribute
will induce the desired outcomes [68]. Grudin [39], in a study of systems that
support collaborative work, pointed out that promoting contributions to knowledge
bases and encouraging the use of such shared knowledge requires the opportunity
cost to users of the system be offset by appropriate incentives. Ackerman and Halverson
made a similar observation in the context of the use of organizational memory systems
(both for contributions and usage), which are “subject to the issue of incentives.