While the application of the GMM techniques helps in addressing the issues of simultaneity and endogeneity in dynamic panel models, the approach also suffers from instrument proliferations, which has the potential to over fit endogenous variables to produce biased coefficients and weakens the test of instrument validity (Roodman, 2009b). In this section, were-estimate the dynamic panel models following Roodman (2009b) to generate small number of instruments and address the problem of instrument proliferation. To do this, we employ lags of the explanatory variables for the moment conditions The estimated results are presented in Table 5.