The Court held that in order to benefit from the exception for research and study, the
defendant must prove several conditions. First, the act must not conflict with the normal
exploitation of the work; second, it must not unreasonably prejudice the legitimate right of the
copyright owners in an excessive manner; third, his act must be for the purpose of carrying out
research or study of the work; and finally, it must not be for the purpose of profit-seeking. In
other words, the IP Court confirmed that the two conditions of Section 32(1) are not a mere
preamble but enforceable preconditions.