A B S T R A C T
Vegetation (and pine needles in particular) has been widely used as an alternative to other conventional
sampling devices to assess the atmospheric presence of semi-volatile organic contaminants (SVOCs).
While most analytical procedures developed focus only on one or two chemical classes, this this work
intends to establish a multi-component protocol to quantify brominated flame-retardants (BFRs),
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons
(PAHs) and one class of contaminant of emerging concern, the synthetic musks fragrances (SMCs). Pine
needles extractswere obtained by ultrasonic solvents extraction (USE), and different cleanup approaches
using solid-phase extraction (SPE) employing combinations of sorbents and solvents as well as gel
permeation chromatography (GPC) were tested. SPE with alumina followed by GCP yielded the best
results, with average recoveries over 80%.
The application of the method under field conditions was proven by the analysis of naturally
contaminated samples from 3 sites of different potential exposure (remote, rural and urban). The total
detected concentrations ranged from 0.45 to 0.87 ng g1 dry weight (dw) for BFRs, 0.35 to 1.01 ng g1
(dw) for PCBs, 0.36 to 12.2 ng g1 (dw) for HCB, 245.7 to 967.8 ng g1 (dw) for PAHs and 20.7 to
277.5 ng g1 (dw) for SMCs.
A B S T R A C TVegetation (and pine needles in particular) has been widely used as an alternative to other conventionalsampling devices to assess the atmospheric presence of semi-volatile organic contaminants (SVOCs).While most analytical procedures developed focus only on one or two chemical classes, this this workintends to establish a multi-component protocol to quantify brominated flame-retardants (BFRs),polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) and one class of contaminant of emerging concern, the synthetic musks fragrances (SMCs). Pineneedles extractswere obtained by ultrasonic solvents extraction (USE), and different cleanup approachesusing solid-phase extraction (SPE) employing combinations of sorbents and solvents as well as gelpermeation chromatography (GPC) were tested. SPE with alumina followed by GCP yielded the bestresults, with average recoveries over 80%.The application of the method under field conditions was proven by the analysis of naturallycontaminated samples from 3 sites of different potential exposure (remote, rural and urban). The totaldetected concentrations ranged from 0.45 to 0.87 ng g1 dry weight (dw) for BFRs, 0.35 to 1.01 ng g1(dw) for PCBs, 0.36 to 12.2 ng g1 (dw) for HCB, 245.7 to 967.8 ng g1 (dw) for PAHs and 20.7 to277.5 ng g1 (dw) for SMCs.
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