It indicated that b-1,4 glycosidic bond linkages were cleaved partially, leading to lower degree of cellulose polymerization. The peaks at 1735 cm1 (unconjugated C@O in xylan) were completely eliminated after the cotton byproducts utilization for mushroom cultivation. In particular, peaks at 1621 cm1 (C@O), 1514 cm1 (C@C), 1426 cm1 (C–H), and 1112 cm1 (C–O) were assigned to aromatic skeleton vibrations of lignin. The observation of these peaks became clearer after the cotton by-products biological treatment. It