BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Geneva Mechanisms are widely used in motion picture film projectors to intermittently advance film through a film gate having a projection aperture. The film is moved or advanced by a Geneva Mechanism (also known as a “Maltese Cross”) until an image frame is in alignment with the projection aperture. The film is then held stationary for a discrete time period during which light is passed through the aperture, film frame, projection lens, and onto a screen. This intermittent frame-by-frame motion of the film is enabled by the Geneva Mechanism, which comprises one portion, the driver, which rotates continuously, and which causes intermittent rotation of a second portion, the star wheel. In a motion picture projector the star wheel shares its central shaft with a sprocket, the teeth of which are engaged with perforations in the film. Therefore, when the driver moves the star wheel, both the star wheel and the film experience a resulting intermittent motion. Other mechanisms, including servo motors and a Mitchell Movement, have been used to drive film through a gate in an intermittent manner, but the Geneva Mechanism has proven itself over the past century to be particularly well suited to accurately drive a load (the film) in an intermittent fashion when the time allowed for motion of the load is minimal. For example, motion picture film is typically projected at a rate of 24 frames per second, such that a new film frame is positioned in the projection aperture every {fraction
(1/24)} second, or approximately 42 ms. The typical projector Geneva Mechanism moves a film frame into the projection aperture with an indexing time of one-fourth of the frame period, or approximately 10.5ms.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONGeneva Mechanisms are widely used in motion picture film projectors to intermittently advance film through a film gate having a projection aperture. The film is moved or advanced by a Geneva Mechanism (also known as a “Maltese Cross”) until an image frame is in alignment with the projection aperture. The film is then held stationary for a discrete time period during which light is passed through the aperture, film frame, projection lens, and onto a screen. This intermittent frame-by-frame motion of the film is enabled by the Geneva Mechanism, which comprises one portion, the driver, which rotates continuously, and which causes intermittent rotation of a second portion, the star wheel. In a motion picture projector the star wheel shares its central shaft with a sprocket, the teeth of which are engaged with perforations in the film. Therefore, when the driver moves the star wheel, both the star wheel and the film experience a resulting intermittent motion. Other mechanisms, including servo motors and a Mitchell Movement, have been used to drive film through a gate in an intermittent manner, but the Geneva Mechanism has proven itself over the past century to be particularly well suited to accurately drive a load (the film) in an intermittent fashion when the time allowed for motion of the load is minimal. For example, motion picture film is typically projected at a rate of 24 frames per second, such that a new film frame is positioned in the projection aperture every {fraction(1/24)} second, or approximately 42 ms. The typical projector Geneva Mechanism moves a film frame into the projection aperture with an indexing time of one-fourth of the frame period, or approximately 10.5ms.
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