Figuring out what to do in a particular situation requires knowledge of
the structure of that situation. People must understand the elements making up the situation, how those elements are connected to one an-other and the relationships that exist between and among these ele-ments. This knowledge of the structure of the situation allows people to say how the actions they envision taking will lead to the result they seek. It also allows them to say, for a given result, the actions required to produce it. Absent this knowledge, action is little more than a shot in the dark and achieving desired results depends on luck or intuition.