In summary, we noticed that both the Malaysian and Shanghai mathematics curriculum had very similar
content; albeit, the Shanghai students were introduced with many of the content areas much earlier than
the Malaysian students. In addition, some of the content levels were much broader and deeper in
Shanghai. Nevertheless, the Malaysian students managed to learn all the content levels if they entered
Form 6 which resulted in an additional year of total schooling (12 years) as compared to the Shanghai
students (11 years).