level increases. Shiau S and Shiau L (2001) found that the optimum
dietary vitamin E requirements of juvenile hybrid tilapia range
from 40 mg to 44 mg and from 60 mg to 66 mg in 50 and 120 g lipid
per kg diets, respectively [18]. Feeding market-size turbot with at
least 550 mg a-tocopheryl acetate kg1 diet at two months prior to
slaughter can improve fillet quality [19]. Devesa (1994) already
reported that turbot requires less than 300 mg kg1 of vitamin E
when dietary lipid ranged 6e15% [20]. Therefore, the dietary
requirement of vitamin E is different in fish-specific species and
correlated with lipid concentration in diet during farming.
Turbot (Scophthamus maximus) with a high economic value is a
rapidly growing species widely cultured in Europe and Asia.
Numerous studies on the nutritional requirements of this species
have been intensively conducted in captive [20e22]. Tocher et al.
(2002) found decreased dietary vitamin E led to decreased levels of
tissue vitamin E, and generally higher activities of the liver antioxidant
enzymes and higher levels of lipid peroxides in juvenile
turbot [11]. Meanwhile, the ratio of dietary vitamin E to polyunsaturated
fatty acids affects the lipid peroxidation in turbot [23].
The previous study on dietary vitamin E functions mainly focuses
on lipid peroxidation and flesh quality in turbot during farming.
However, information on the nutritional immunity is sparse.
Particularly, in-depth studies on the vitamin E for sub-adult turbot
are lacking. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effects of
vitamin E on the growth, nonspecific immunological parameters
and expression of some immune-related genes [C3, interleukine
(IL)-1b and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a] in sub-adult turbot.
level increases. Shiau S and Shiau L (2001) found that the optimum
dietary vitamin E requirements of juvenile hybrid tilapia range
from 40 mg to 44 mg and from 60 mg to 66 mg in 50 and 120 g lipid
per kg diets, respectively [18]. Feeding market-size turbot with at
least 550 mg a-tocopheryl acetate kg1 diet at two months prior to
slaughter can improve fillet quality [19]. Devesa (1994) already
reported that turbot requires less than 300 mg kg1 of vitamin E
when dietary lipid ranged 6e15% [20]. Therefore, the dietary
requirement of vitamin E is different in fish-specific species and
correlated with lipid concentration in diet during farming.
Turbot (Scophthamus maximus) with a high economic value is a
rapidly growing species widely cultured in Europe and Asia.
Numerous studies on the nutritional requirements of this species
have been intensively conducted in captive [20e22]. Tocher et al.
(2002) found decreased dietary vitamin E led to decreased levels of
tissue vitamin E, and generally higher activities of the liver antioxidant
enzymes and higher levels of lipid peroxides in juvenile
turbot [11]. Meanwhile, the ratio of dietary vitamin E to polyunsaturated
fatty acids affects the lipid peroxidation in turbot [23].
The previous study on dietary vitamin E functions mainly focuses
on lipid peroxidation and flesh quality in turbot during farming.
However, information on the nutritional immunity is sparse.
Particularly, in-depth studies on the vitamin E for sub-adult turbot
are lacking. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effects of
vitamin E on the growth, nonspecific immunological parameters
and expression of some immune-related genes [C3, interleukine
(IL)-1b and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a] in sub-adult turbot.
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