Highly crystalline hierarchical TiO2 nanostructures of morphology ranging from one-dimensional
regular fibers, hollow tubes, porous rods and spindles were achieved from electrospun TiO2/composite
fibers by annealing at temperatures ranging from 400 C, 500 C, 600 C, 700 C, and 800 C, with
a ramp rate of 5 C min1, and at a pressure of 1 mbar.