[7].
Several sample preparation techniques have been reported for extraction and isolation of ARV from plasma before chromatographic analysis. Although the most commonly reported is liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) [8] and [9] and solid phase extraction (SPE) [10] and [11]; they have as disadvantages to be laborious, to require a large sample volume and to be time consuming. An additional disadvantage of LLE is the use of significant amount of volatile and toxic organic solvents. Moreover, due to the low concentration of ARV in plasma, large sample volumes are typically required to ensure their detectability. In recent years, with the developing interest in miniaturization in analytical chemistry for solvent and sample saving, some newer miniaturized approaches to LLE have been reported. Several different types of liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) have been developed, including single drop microextraction (SDME) [12],