springs (375 distinct predicted species from 407 total sequences).
Unlike for the bacteria, however, as evidenced by complementary DNA-based approaches (gene libraries, T-RFLP
fingerprinting), all Ash Meadows springs share relatively simple (134 predicted species from 376 total sequences) and
closely affiliated (Fig. 2) archaeal populations. In our gene libraries, this shared signal is dominated by the subdomains,
Crenarcheota (57/376), Euryarcheota (23/376), and especially Thaumarchaeota (292/376). The crenarchaeotes and
thaumarchaeaotes are uniformly distributed across the entire sample dataset, with multiple examples of nearly identical
sequences appearing in most or all of the samples. The striking degree of similarity in archaeal diversity profiles (Fig. 2) is
consistent with a shared water source, flowing along similar flow paths, providing the majority of flow to Ash Meadows
springs. Although the ecological role of the Thaumarchaeota remains unknown, the confluence of archaeal methanogens,
inferred bacterial methanotrophs and relatively high concentrations of methane in Big Spring (Table 1) suggests methane
cycling in the chemically and isotopically inferred Death Valley end member. Unfortunately, no archaeal DNA has been
detected by our methods in the Nevares Spring Deep Well water and Travertine Spring has yet to be analyzed. This
comparison would have afforded an opportunity to track the most relevant domain of microorganisms that may link the
Death Valley end member with south Ash Meadows springs (Big Spring being the main southern spring).
springs (375 distinct predicted species from 407 total sequences).Unlike for the bacteria, however, as evidenced by complementary DNA-based approaches (gene libraries, T-RFLPfingerprinting), all Ash Meadows springs share relatively simple (134 predicted species from 376 total sequences) andclosely affiliated (Fig. 2) archaeal populations. In our gene libraries, this shared signal is dominated by the subdomains,Crenarcheota (57/376), Euryarcheota (23/376), and especially Thaumarchaeota (292/376). The crenarchaeotes andthaumarchaeaotes are uniformly distributed across the entire sample dataset, with multiple examples of nearly identicalsequences appearing in most or all of the samples. The striking degree of similarity in archaeal diversity profiles (Fig. 2) isconsistent with a shared water source, flowing along similar flow paths, providing the majority of flow to Ash Meadowssprings. Although the ecological role of the Thaumarchaeota remains unknown, the confluence of archaeal methanogens,inferred bacterial methanotrophs and relatively high concentrations of methane in Big Spring (Table 1) suggests methanecycling in the chemically and isotopically inferred Death Valley end member. Unfortunately, no archaeal DNA has beendetected by our methods in the Nevares Spring Deep Well water and Travertine Spring has yet to be analyzed. Thiscomparison would have afforded an opportunity to track the most relevant domain of microorganisms that may link theDeath Valley end member with south Ash Meadows springs (Big Spring being the main southern spring).
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