2.6.2. Specific volume
The volume of the produced loaves was measured by rapeseeds displacement according to the AACC 10-05 method (2000), using bread volumeter equipment (Chopin, France), previously calibrated, and the volume was read in triplicate. Two loaves of each formulation were tested. Specific volume of the loaves was calculated from the measured volume and weight, obtained by direct measure.
2.6.3. Crumb firmness
Crumb firmness was determined using the TA.XTplus Texture Analyser (SMS, UK), according to the method AACC 74-09 (2000). Slices (25 mmethickness) were compressed with a 36 mm diameter probe (P/36R) at a speed of 100 mm/min until a deformation of 40% was reached. The force measured at 25% of deformation was recorded as the firmness of the material, according to the method. The test was performed in triplicates and after three different times of storage (2, 4 and 7 days) to study bread aging.