The front end contains a large number of sensors
in a sensor array. We place these sensors in the
potential disaster area, where they can sense, process,
and communicate data. Because these sensors
are prone to failure, their topology changes frequently,
and they have limited power, computational
capacity, bandwidth, and memory, we can’t apply
traditional protocols in this domain. For communication
within the sensor array, we use the IEEE
208.15.4 standard, which employs two techniques
to avoid having all the nodes start emitting at the
same time: Carrier Sense Multiple Access-Collision
Avoidance (CSMA-CA) and Guaranteed Time Slots
(GTS).8 With CSMA-CA, each sensor node listens
to the medium prior to transmitting. If the energy it
The front end contains a large number of sensorsin a sensor array. We place these sensors in thepotential disaster area, where they can sense, process,and communicate data. Because these sensorsare prone to failure, their topology changes frequently,and they have limited power, computationalcapacity, bandwidth, and memory, we can’t applytraditional protocols in this domain. For communicationwithin the sensor array, we use the IEEE208.15.4 standard, which employs two techniquesto avoid having all the nodes start emitting at thesame time: Carrier Sense Multiple Access-CollisionAvoidance (CSMA-CA) and Guaranteed Time Slots(GTS).8 With CSMA-CA, each sensor node listensto the medium prior to transmitting. If the energy it
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