There were a total of 854 monks, 269 prisoners, and another 86,011 cohort members who were neither monks nor prisoners. We first briefly summarize demographic, socioeconomic, and geographic characteristics of the whole cohort. Then, to facilitate comparisons of monks and prisoners to other cohort members, the analyzed study group was restricted to men aged 20–39 years, resulting in 711 monks, 195 prisoners, and 29,713 other cohort members. Geographical residence was reported as rural or urban at age 12 and at present, and by current region. Health outcomes analyzed include ever being diagnosed by a doctor of having tuberculosis, asthma, malaria, dengue fever, goiter, liver disease, kidney disease, or high cholesterol. Self-assessed overall health was measured using the first question of the standard Short Form 8 Medical Outcomes instrument (Idler and Benyamini 1997; Riddle et al. 2001). The question was “Overall, how would you rate your health during the past 4 weeks?”; those reporting ‘poor’ or ‘very poor’ on a six-point scale, we categorized as having ‘poor overall health’.
Four social outcomes were measured. The first is social trust—‘you can’t be too careful dealing with people’. The second is economic stress ‘often short of money during the past 12 months’ (for things really needed). The third is personal well-being that was measured as the mean score out of 10 for ten domains such as ‘standard of living’, ‘achievement in life’, ‘health’, ‘personal relationships’, ‘feeling safe’, ‘feeling part of community’, ‘future security’, ‘surrounding neighbors’, ‘religion and spirituality’ and ‘life as a whole’ (Cummins et al. 2003). The fourth social outcome is spirituality and religion measured as a score out of 10 for each of three questions on ‘the importance of religion when facing problems’, ‘the importance of spiritual practices’, and ‘the importance of karma’.
มีทั้งหมด ก่อนอื่นเราสรุปสั้น ๆ ประชากรเศรษฐกิจสังคมและลักษณะทางภูมิศาสตร์ของทั้งกลุ่ม จากนั้นเพื่อความสะดวกในการเปรียบเทียบของพระสงฆ์และนักโทษให้กับสมาชิกกลุ่มอื่น ๆ กลุ่มการศึกษาวิเคราะห์ถูก จำกัด ให้คนที่มีอายุ There were a total of 854 monks, 269 prisoners, and another 86,011 cohort members who were neither monks nor prisoners. We first briefly summarize demographic, socioeconomic, and geographic characteristics of the whole cohort. Then, to facilitate comparisons of monks and prisoners to other cohort members, the analyzed study group was restricted to men aged 20- –39 ที่อยู่อาศัยทางภูมิศาสตร์ได้รับรายงานว่าในชนบทหรือในเมืองที่อายุ ผลการวิเคราะห์สุขภาพรวมถึงการที่เคยได้รับการวินิจฉัยโดยแพทย์ของการมีวัณโรค ตัวเอง39 years, resulting in 711 monks, 195 prisoners, and 29,713 other cohort members. Geographical residence was reported as rural or urban at age 12 and at present, and by current region. Health outcomes analyzed include ever being diagnosed by a doctor of having tuberculosis, asthma, malaria, dengue fever, goiter, liver disease, kidney disease, or high cholesterol. Self- -การประเมินสุขภาพโดยรวมได้รับการวัดโดยใช้คำถามแรกของมาตรฐานเครื่องมือแบบสั้น assessed overall health was measured using the first question of the standard Short Form 8 Medical Outcomes instrument (Idler and Benyamini 1997; Riddle et al. 2001). The question was “Overall, how would you rate your health during the past 4 weeks?”; those reporting ‘poor’ or ‘very poor’ on a six-point scale, we categorized as having ‘poor overall health’.
Four social outcomes were measured. The first is social trust—‘you can’t be too careful dealing with people’. The second is economic stress ‘often short of money during the past 12 months’ (for things really needed). The third is personal well-being that was measured as the mean score out of 10 for ten domains such as ‘standard of living’, ‘achievement in life’, ‘health’, ‘personal relationships’, ‘feeling safe’, ‘feeling part of community’, ‘future security’, ‘surrounding neighbors’, ‘religion and spirituality’ and ‘life as a whole’ (Cummins et al. 2003). The fourth social outcome is spirituality and religion measured as a score out of 10 for each of three questions on ‘the importance of religion when facing problems’, ‘the importance of spiritual practices’, and ‘the importance of karma’.
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