Farsalinos et. al. [14] used a DNPH solution and HPLC analyses to determine the concentration
of diacetal in each e-cigarette fluid sample. The median concentration observed was 20 μg/ml in
the liquid refill samples found to contain diacetal, with a maximum of 10,620 μg/ml. Using the
median diacetal concentration of 20 μg/ml, and assuming a median number of 175 puffs per day
[2], a respiration rate of 20 m3/day, and the maximum emission rates of propylene glycol in Table
2, the daily 24-hour diacetal exposure is 0.93 μg/m3. The NIOSH occupational 8-hr TWA
exposure guideline is just 18 μg/m3. Using 0.18 μg/m3 (1% of NIOSH occupational guideline) for
a non-occupational exposure guideline, the above calculated exposures to e-cigarette users result
in a CREL hazard quotient of 5.16. The calculated indirect 8-hour indoor concentration for the
office space exposure scenario is 0.07 μg/m3, which represents a hazard quotient of 0.39 for the
non-users. Farsalinos also found the flavorant acetyl propionyl (2,3-pentanedione) in 33.3% of
the e-cigarette fluids. Acetyl propionyl is a chemical analogue and a frequent flavorant
replacement for diacetal. The NIOSH occupational 8-hr TWA exposure guideline for acetyl
propionyl, is also quite low, just 38 μg/m3.
Farsalinos et. al. [14] used a DNPH solution and HPLC analyses to determine the concentrationof diacetal in each e-cigarette fluid sample. The median concentration observed was 20 μg/ml inthe liquid refill samples found to contain diacetal, with a maximum of 10,620 μg/ml. Using themedian diacetal concentration of 20 μg/ml, and assuming a median number of 175 puffs per day[2], a respiration rate of 20 m3/day, and the maximum emission rates of propylene glycol in Table2, the daily 24-hour diacetal exposure is 0.93 μg/m3. The NIOSH occupational 8-hr TWAexposure guideline is just 18 μg/m3. Using 0.18 μg/m3 (1% of NIOSH occupational guideline) fora non-occupational exposure guideline, the above calculated exposures to e-cigarette users resultin a CREL hazard quotient of 5.16. The calculated indirect 8-hour indoor concentration for theoffice space exposure scenario is 0.07 μg/m3, which represents a hazard quotient of 0.39 for thenon-users. Farsalinos also found the flavorant acetyl propionyl (2,3-pentanedione) in 33.3% ofthe e-cigarette fluids. Acetyl propionyl is a chemical analogue and a frequent flavorantreplacement for diacetal. The NIOSH occupational 8-hr TWA exposure guideline for acetylpropionyl, is also quite low, just 38 μg/m3.
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