Meyer, (1997) identifies three types of commitments. Normative commitment is defined as
organizational commitments. Affective commitments are defined by emotional attachments,
identification, and involvement to achieve the goal of organization. Continuance commitment is
the willingness to remain in an organization because of different investments.
Jawahar (2006) found that Performance appraisal played a role in the relationship between
employee satisfaction and employee loyalty in this study. Performance appraisal is an important
element of loyalty because it is positively related to organizational commitment and negatively
related to turnover intentions. Job satisfaction and organizational commitment fall into a broader
definition of loyalty. Yousef (2001) examined the associations between job satisfaction,
organizational commitment, and turnover intention among temporary employees. The results,
based on structural equation modeling, provide support for nearly all of the hypothesized
associations in the model. They found positive associations between job satisfaction and
organization commitment. According to Northcraft and Neale (1996), commitment is an attitude
reflecting an employee’s loyalty to the organization, and an ongoing process through which
organization members express their concern for the organization and its continued success and
well being. Organizational commitment is “the degree to which an employee identifies with a
particular organization and its goals, and wishes to maintain membership in the organization”
(Robbins, 1998, p. 142). Walker (2005) states organizational commitment as “multidimensional
in nature, involving an employee’s loyalty to the organization, willingness to exert effort on behalf
of the organization, degree of goal and value congruency with the organization, and desire to
maintain membership”.
Career commitment refers to identification with, and involvement in one’s occupation. Much
literature refers to similar or related concepts: occupational commitment, professional
commitment, career salience, the local distinction and professionalism. Common to all these is the
critical notion of being committed to one’s career, or occupation, rather than to the organization
which employs one (Fosam, 1998).
Work commitment refers neither to the organization nor to one’s career, but to employment itself.
Persons committed to work hold a strong sense of duty towards their work, and place intrinsic
value on work as a central life interest. This form of commitment relates terms like work
motivation, job involvement, work as a central life interest and work involvement Organizational
Commitment (Jawahar, (2006)).
In last 10 to 15 years, most organizations eliminated many middle class positions. Today’s
mangers have additional individual responsibilities and have very few time to effectively make the
emotions tie with their subordinates that is really very effective. To effective motive and retain
employees a manger needs to deal with each person one at a time by asking questions of, listening
to, and working together one-o-one. A good manager is one who helps talented people find
satisfaction in their work and satisfaction is the key an employee’s decision to stay or leave an
organization (Bakalis, 2006).
The concept of organizational commitment has attracted considerable interest as an attempt to
understand the intensity and stability of employee dedication to work organizations. Two major views of employee dedication focus on affective attachment and calculative involvement,
respectively which are usually considered to be conceptually and empirically distinct. Affective
attachment, as assessed by the seminal Organizational Commitment Questionnaire (OCQ) is
influenced by personal characteristics, job features, and work experiences (Meyer, 1997).
In recent years researchers have turned their attention to multiple commitments in addition to the
organization as a focus of commitment, some other focus have been suggested, which include
occupations, top management, supervisors, co-workers, work unit and customers. In any
organization, regardless of the extent of institutionalism a supervisor may still be psychologically
and physically to employees than the impersonal system. In turn, employees’ attitude towards a
supervisor will have stronger impact on employees’ performance than employees’ attitude towards
the organization (Rose, 2005).
Meyer, (1997) identifies three types of commitments. Normative commitment is defined asorganizational commitments. Affective commitments are defined by emotional attachments,identification, and involvement to achieve the goal of organization. Continuance commitment isthe willingness to remain in an organization because of different investments.Jawahar (2006) found that Performance appraisal played a role in the relationship betweenemployee satisfaction and employee loyalty in this study. Performance appraisal is an importantelement of loyalty because it is positively related to organizational commitment and negativelyrelated to turnover intentions. Job satisfaction and organizational commitment fall into a broaderdefinition of loyalty. Yousef (2001) examined the associations between job satisfaction,organizational commitment, and turnover intention among temporary employees. The results,based on structural equation modeling, provide support for nearly all of the hypothesizedassociations in the model. They found positive associations between job satisfaction andorganization commitment. According to Northcraft and Neale (1996), commitment is an attitudereflecting an employee’s loyalty to the organization, and an ongoing process through whichorganization members express their concern for the organization and its continued success andwell being. Organizational commitment is “the degree to which an employee identifies with aparticular organization and its goals, and wishes to maintain membership in the organization”(Robbins, 1998, p. 142). Walker (2005) states organizational commitment as “multidimensionalin nature, involving an employee’s loyalty to the organization, willingness to exert effort on behalfof the organization, degree of goal and value congruency with the organization, and desire tomaintain membership”.Career commitment refers to identification with, and involvement in one’s occupation. Muchliterature refers to similar or related concepts: occupational commitment, professionalcommitment, career salience, the local distinction and professionalism. Common to all these is thecritical notion of being committed to one’s career, or occupation, rather than to the organizationwhich employs one (Fosam, 1998).Work commitment refers neither to the organization nor to one’s career, but to employment itself.Persons committed to work hold a strong sense of duty towards their work, and place intrinsicvalue on work as a central life interest. This form of commitment relates terms like workmotivation, job involvement, work as a central life interest and work involvement OrganizationalCommitment (Jawahar, (2006)).In last 10 to 15 years, most organizations eliminated many middle class positions. Today’smangers have additional individual responsibilities and have very few time to effectively make theemotions tie with their subordinates that is really very effective. To effective motive and retainemployees a manger needs to deal with each person one at a time by asking questions of, listeningto, and working together one-o-one. A good manager is one who helps talented people findsatisfaction in their work and satisfaction is the key an employee’s decision to stay or leave anorganization (Bakalis, 2006).The concept of organizational commitment has attracted considerable interest as an attempt tounderstand the intensity and stability of employee dedication to work organizations. Two major views of employee dedication focus on affective attachment and calculative involvement,respectively which are usually considered to be conceptually and empirically distinct. Affectiveattachment, as assessed by the seminal Organizational Commitment Questionnaire (OCQ) isinfluenced by personal characteristics, job features, and work experiences (Meyer, 1997).In recent years researchers have turned their attention to multiple commitments in addition to theorganization as a focus of commitment, some other focus have been suggested, which includeoccupations, top management, supervisors, co-workers, work unit and customers. In anyorganization, regardless of the extent of institutionalism a supervisor may still be psychologicallyand physically to employees than the impersonal system. In turn, employees’ attitude towards asupervisor will have stronger impact on employees’ performance than employees’ attitude towardsthe organization (Rose, 2005).
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