Tocols were extracted, after saponification, and determined as reported by Panfili et al. (2003), as follows: 0.5-1 g of sample (0.5 g for biscuits and croissants, 1 g for sandwich loaves) was saponified, under nitrogen, in a screw-capped tube with 2 mL of potassium
hydroxide (600 g/L), 2mL of ethanol (95%), 2mL of sodium chloride (10 g/L), and 5 mL of ethanolic pyrogallol (60 g/L), added as antioxidant.
The tubes were placed in a 70 C water bath and mixed every 5e10 min during saponification