Most examples of heterogeneous catalysis go through the same stages:
One or more of the reactants are adsorbed on to the surface of the catalyst at active sites.
Adsorption is where something sticks to a surface. It isn't the same as absorption where one substance is taken up within the structure of another. Be careful!
An active site is a part of the surface which is particularly good at adsorbing things and helping them to react.
There is some sort of interaction between the surface of the catalyst and the reactant molecules which makes them more reactive.
This might involve an actual reaction with the surface, or some weakening of the bonds in the attached molecules.
The reaction happens.
At this stage, both of the reactant molecules might be attached to the surface, or one might be attached and hit by the other one moving freely in the gas or liquid.
The product molecules are desorbed.
Desorption simply means that the product molecules break away. This leaves the active site available for a new set of molecules to attach to and react.
A good catalyst needs to adsorb the reactant molecules strongly enough for them to react, but not so strongly that the product molecules stick more or less permanently to the surface.
Silver, for example, isn't a good catalyst because it doesn't form strong enough attachments with reactant molecules. Tungsten, on the other hand, isn't a good catalyst because it adsorbs too strongly.
Metals like platinum and nickel make good catalysts because they adsorb strongly enough to hold and activate the reactants, but not so strongly that the products can't break away.
Examples of heterogeneous catalysis
Most examples of heterogeneous catalysis go through the same stages:One or more of the reactants are adsorbed on to the surface of the catalyst at active sites.Adsorption is where something sticks to a surface. It isn't the same as absorption where one substance is taken up within the structure of another. Be careful!An active site is a part of the surface which is particularly good at adsorbing things and helping them to react.There is some sort of interaction between the surface of the catalyst and the reactant molecules which makes them more reactive.This might involve an actual reaction with the surface, or some weakening of the bonds in the attached molecules.The reaction happens.At this stage, both of the reactant molecules might be attached to the surface, or one might be attached and hit by the other one moving freely in the gas or liquid.The product molecules are desorbed.Desorption simply means that the product molecules break away. This leaves the active site available for a new set of molecules to attach to and react.A good catalyst needs to adsorb the reactant molecules strongly enough for them to react, but not so strongly that the product molecules stick more or less permanently to the surface.Silver, for example, isn't a good catalyst because it doesn't form strong enough attachments with reactant molecules. Tungsten, on the other hand, isn't a good catalyst because it adsorbs too strongly.Metals like platinum and nickel make good catalysts because they adsorb strongly enough to hold and activate the reactants, but not so strongly that the products can't break away.Examples of heterogeneous catalysis
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