There is a strong need for an extraction method which covers a
wide range of dyes in many matrices, particularly for routine
analysis. At the same time, the huge number and different chemical
properties of existing colorants ensure a lot of troubles in building
up a universal method. The proposed method allows the concurrent
analysis of 17 compounds in a variety of matrices (red and
yellow for solid matrices and red, yellow and blue for beverages).
The method for solid matrices was validated analyzing different
foodstuffs, in particular meat and fishery products, pastries, cakes,
jam, bakery products, fruit and vegetable sauces. This high heterogeneity,
inevitably, did not allow optimal validation performances
for all colorants in all matrices (Tables 2 and 3). In fact, quite
high variability was exhibited within validation parameters.
Repeatability and reproducibility values are related to fortification
levels of 100 mg kg1 and 25 mg kg1 for group A and B respectively.
In particular Table 2 reports validation parameters for red
dyes. The same parameters were calculated for yellow dyes. The
values were quite similar: E110 (sunset yellow) showed the best
validation performances with a mean recovery more than 80% and
RSDr and RSDR lower than 20%. On the other hand E102 (tartrazine)
had the worst validation performances with a main recovery less
than 20%. In solid matrices, among red dyes (Table 2), amaranth
analysis showed rather low recoveries (60%) and quite high
repeatability and reproducibility values (both of them were over
than 30%). The best validation parameters among red dyes were
obtained from allura red (E129) that showed a mean recovery of
about 90% and repeatability and reproducibility parameters very
low. In general, RSD% values for dyes of group B were considerably
lower than those resulting from group A. In some cases RSDr values
were higher than RSDR parameters: probably the large number of
replicates and the ruggedness of the method allowed these
apparently anomalous parameters. Rather high values of standard
Table 2
Validation data relating the analysis of solid food matrices.
Food color Detection
wavelength (nm)
Equation of calibration
curve for solid food matrix
r2 RSDr% (n ¼ 6) RSDR% (n ¼ 18) Mean recovery %
E122 Azorubine
There is a strong need for an extraction method which covers a
wide range of dyes in many matrices, particularly for routine
analysis. At the same time, the huge number and different chemical
properties of existing colorants ensure a lot of troubles in building
up a universal method. The proposed method allows the concurrent
analysis of 17 compounds in a variety of matrices (red and
yellow for solid matrices and red, yellow and blue for beverages).
The method for solid matrices was validated analyzing different
foodstuffs, in particular meat and fishery products, pastries, cakes,
jam, bakery products, fruit and vegetable sauces. This high heterogeneity,
inevitably, did not allow optimal validation performances
for all colorants in all matrices (Tables 2 and 3). In fact, quite
high variability was exhibited within validation parameters.
Repeatability and reproducibility values are related to fortification
levels of 100 mg kg1 and 25 mg kg1 for group A and B respectively.
In particular Table 2 reports validation parameters for red
dyes. The same parameters were calculated for yellow dyes. The
values were quite similar: E110 (sunset yellow) showed the best
validation performances with a mean recovery more than 80% and
RSDr and RSDR lower than 20%. On the other hand E102 (tartrazine)
had the worst validation performances with a main recovery less
than 20%. In solid matrices, among red dyes (Table 2), amaranth
analysis showed rather low recoveries (60%) and quite high
repeatability and reproducibility values (both of them were over
than 30%). The best validation parameters among red dyes were
obtained from allura red (E129) that showed a mean recovery of
about 90% and repeatability and reproducibility parameters very
low. In general, RSD% values for dyes of group B were considerably
lower than those resulting from group A. In some cases RSDr values
were higher than RSDR parameters: probably the large number of
replicates and the ruggedness of the method allowed these
apparently anomalous parameters. Rather high values of standard
Table 2
Validation data relating the analysis of solid food matrices.
Food color Detection
wavelength (nm)
Equation of calibration
curve for solid food matrix
r2 RSDr% (n ¼ 6) RSDR% (n ¼ 18) Mean recovery %
E122 Azorubine
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