As for the second component of VAIC™, Ahangar [28] stipulates that structural capital includes organizational ability, processes, data, and patents. More specifically, structural capital consists of two sub-components: innovation capital and process capital [30] and [72]. Bontis [70] specifies structural capital as the mechanisms and structures that enable employees to utilize their intellectual resources, which further enhances an insurance company's performance. That is, investment in structural capital results in better firm performance. Another resource in VAIC™, capital employed, is also essential capital that contributes to the performance of a company.