Grahame and Jenkins (1972) modified this system to include passive dorsiflexion of the ankle beyond 15°. This was an adaptation to the subjects under study, half of whom were ballet dancers. Subsequently, Beighton et al. (1973) amended the 1969 system for use in an epidemiological survey of bone and joint disorders in a rural African Negro community in Southern Africa. They employed the same tests, but gave one point for each side of the body for the paired tests. The range of scoring was thus between 0-9, with high scores denoting greater joint laxity. The manoeuvres used in this scoring system are listed below and depicted in Figs