To reduce disease spread through the Bac Giang network, daily disinfection could be applied simultaneously to the LBM
environment and traders’ vehicles and equipment in the three hubs. This intervention reduced the median epidemic size, defined as the fraction of contaminated markets, by 0.80–0.89 (depending on input parameters, and for parameter sets in which the fraction of contaminated markets reached 0.10 without disinfection). However, as the impact on the upper bound of the epidemic size was limited, substantial epidemics still might occur. In an extreme case scenario where PT = PM = 1, daily disinfection of the three hubs still reduced the median epidemic size by 0.68–0.72.