. A food defense plan would then include both physical measures as well as training to help prevent unauthorized access to the food supply chain at any point of vulnerability. While more traditional HACCP focuses on the raw ingredients and the food process itself, food defense takes a more holistic view of the entire food supply chain. HACCP is focused on the internal details of the process, ensuring that, for example, thermal processing is carried out at the prescribed time and temperature needed to eliminate a particular pathogen. Food defense would include protection of the processing environment from authorized entry by individuals who might introduce a threat to the food during processing. The holistic view needed for food defense plans presents a particular challenge as the entire food supply chain is potentially enormous and could span continents in terms of where a particular food might be grown or harvested to where it is processed and finally consumed. In other cases, the challenges of defending the food supply might also include tampering well after processing, and approaches take lessons learned from the pharmaceutical industry's experience with tamper-resistant packaging (Wolnik et al., 1984).