(a) Number of model fruits handled per site by birds (mean þ 1 s.e.), and total pecks per site by (b) the thrush and
(c) white-eye in the three forest states (n ¼ 5 sites each). Bars with different letters differ significantly (see electronic supplementary
material, table S1). (d) Number of model fruits (mean þ s.e., open bars) and fruits of S. elliptica (shaded bars) pecked
by birds per display and (e) number of YCAs (mean þ s.e.) on displays either accessible to or excluded from ants at an antinvaded
site. n ¼ 10 displays per treatment.