In order to investigate whether gender affects both attitudes to change and stress at
work, independent t-tests were conducted. As can be seen in Table II, females scored
higher than males on attitudes towards organizational change scale [t(280) ¼ -3.32,
p ¼ 0.001] suggesting that males tend to be more reluctant than females towards
organizational change. In terms of occupational stress males also scored significantly
higher than females on a number of scales, namely work relationships, overload, and
the overall job stress index, demonstrating thus higher levels of occupational stress
compared to females. Males also scored higher in organizational commitment
(commitment of the employee to the organization). As far as age is concerned, no
differences were identified among the four age groups of our sample. Education also
showed a positive impact on attitudes towards change, as employees with higher
education are better equipped to meet new challenges at work (Iverson, 1996).
Educational level was also negatively related with one of the two types of
organizational commitment (commitment of the organization to the employee). Finally,
these demographic characteristics were not linked to employee satisfaction and
turnover intentions.