2. Experimental2.1. HydroprocessingHydroprocessing of rapeseed oil was performed in a bench scaleflow reactor equipped with a salt bath heating system. The experimentalset-up is schematically depicted in Fig. 1. All the feed andproduct lines were heated to prevent feed and product solidificationin the lines. The liquid products were stripped with hydrogenprior to sample collection (not shown in Fig. 1). The dimensions ofthe reactor were 900 mm (length) and 40 mm (inner diameter).The total amount of the catalyst used was 100 g. The compositionof the commercial hydrotreating Ni–Mo/alumina catalyst was asfollows: NiO – 3.8 wt.%, MoO3 – 17.3 wt.% and P2O5 – 6.7 wt.%. Rapeseedoil used as raw material had food quality (S: 3 mg kg1; P:<0.5 mg kg1; Na: 5 mg kg1; K: 2 mg kg1; Ca: 4 mg kg1; Mg:<0.5 mg kg1). The liquid feed flow and hydrogen flow was100 g h1 and 0.1 Nm3 h1, respectively. The WHSV and gas-tooilratio were thus 1 h1 and 920 Nm3/Nm3, respectively. The reactionproducts were collected during the hydroprocessing of rapeseedoil at two temperature levels, 310 and 360 C, and at twohydrogen pressure levels, 7 and 15 MPa.2.2. Analysis of productsAfter separation of aqueous and organic phases, the reactionproducts were analyzed by gas chromatography. A gas chromatograph,model HP-6890 (Agilent), was used for all chromatographicmeasurements. Gaseous products and all organic liquidproducts were analyzed by gas-chromatographic methods proposedin recent work [4]. Physiochemical properties of the organicliquid products and mixed fuels were determined usingstandard test procedures designated for diesel fuel or petroleumproducts.2.3. Mixing of product with mineral diesel fuelOrganic liquid product (OLP) obtained by hydroprocessing of rapeseedoil at 360 C and 7 MPa was chosen for preparation ofblends with mineral diesel fuel. The mineral diesel fuel was obtainedfrom a refinery and it had low sulfur content (10 mg kg1).Furthermore, it did not contain FAME or any additives. All monitoredphysiochemical properties of this basic mineral diesel correspondedto the properties of a commercial diesel fuel before finaladditivation. Four diesel blends containing 5, 10, 20 and 30 wt.%of OLP, respectively, were prepared and evaluated as commercialdiesel fuel according to the European standard EN 590. Thesemixed fuels were then separately treated with flow improvers Keroflux 3566 (BASF) and Infineum R 288 (Infineum) in concentrationranges of 10–500 mg kg1 to evaluate their impact on lowtemperatureproperties of the blends.
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