2.2. Instruments and apparatus
The seeds were milled using a Retsch SM 100 cutting mill for
sizes of 0.50–20 mm. In order to get a size less than 0.50 mm, a
Moulinex A320 R grinder was used.
The oil extraction by pressing was carried out in a KOMET CA 59
G oil press with a capacity of input material of 5–8 kg/h. The yield
of the process was expressed as the mass of oil extracted from
100 g of dried grape seed.
The oil extraction using solvents was developed using both a
Soxtherm (Gerhardt SXPC) and a Soxhlet apparatus. An optimization
of the extraction time using the Soxhlet apparatus was carried
out. In 2–3 h, the maximum oil extraction yield was achieved. An
extraction time of 6 h was chosen.
The refining of grape seed oil was carried out in a 200 mL fournecked
batch reactor. The reactor was equipped with a magnetic
stirrer, a thermocouple connected to a heater plate to control the
temperature, and two stoppers to take samples and to feed in
raw materials, respectively.