Presentation of the Case
Because the union generally initiates grievances, it presents its case first,
except in discipline and discharge cases. The union presents exhibits relevant
to its case and calls witnesses. Management may object to exhibits
and may cross-examine witnesses. When the union has completed its case,
management offers its evidence in a similar manner. Rules of evidence in
arbitration are more liberal than those in courts of law. At the end, both
sides may present closing arguments. The arbitrator may question witnesses
but is not required to do so.