Electronic cigarette use can reduce urges to smoking in inexperienced users,42–44 46 54 55 as well as in
those that have had some practice in using electronic cigarettes45 and in experienced users.48 49
In studies that used a non-nicotine electronic cigarette control42 54 55 both nicotine and non-nicotine
electronic cigarette use reduced urges to smoke, however the reduction was larger with nicotinecontaining
electronic cigarette use.
The acute effect on other withdrawal symptoms is less pronounced with studies finding little or no
significant effect,42–45 or only showing an effect in subgroups.54