b)
Collaboration Performance
The characteristic that makes VOs different from traditional
org
anizations is “Collaboration”. Collaboration is interacting
in an incompletely determined and non
-
hierarchic manner in
order to enable joint processes with other independent
organizations and human actors that are performed to reach
common goals
[33]
. Collaboration is a kind of “lubrication” or
“catalyst” for the value creation and supporting processes in
the VO
[13]
.
The collaboration indicators are necessary to assess the
effectiveness and efficiency of how partners work together in
joint processes
towards
a common goal. This layer of