The mass fraction of the filler for each antimicrobial agent was 10%.
The heating profile was set to six heating zones of the twin-screw extruder including 160 °C, 160 °C, 175 °C, 150 °C, 150 °C, and 140 °C. Proper amounts of masterbatch resins were then added to pure LDPE resin pellets into a single-screw blowing machine with a screw diameter of 45 mm and a length/diameter ratio of 28 mm to fabricate the final nanocomposite film (50 μm thick) with the desired nanomaterial concentrations (0.25 and 1% for nano-ZnO & 1.5 and 5% for P105).
The temperature profile for the single extruder was maintained at 190 °C in the two barrel zones. Film thickness was measured using a micrometer and reported as the average of five readings taken at five different points on the film sample.