When only the wealthy become more productive, they reap a disproportionate share of the benefits. Consequently, greater and more widely distributed productivity growth could then be a solution to rising inequality. And yet at a time of weak demand growth, economic policy makers everywhere often face a public perception that productivity kills jobs. History teaches otherwise. In every rolling ten-year period except one since 1929, job growth and productivity growth have gone hand-in-hand in the United States. Unfortunately, conventional wisdom that comes to the opposite conclusion has proven difficult to dispel.