1.Emotion - This theory is mainly concerned with the development of problem solving abilities and ignores the importance of emotional intelligence.
2.Scaffolding and the spiral curriculum - These strategies are difficult to test as they happen over a period of many years making it hard to control extraneous variables and decide on appropriate outcome measures. This means testing on these strategies can be unreliable which can affect the validity of the theory.
3.Testing - In Bruner's theory ecological validity is low as the research was of a scientific research method and younger children may not have related to instructions.