alkaline conditions (e.g., 90 ◦C, 2% NaOH), however, the heat
treatment may induce the oxidative degradation of the phenolic
compounds, resulting in the decrease in extraction yield of the
phenolics. It was also observed that the condensed tannin con-
tents (CTCs) was higher than the flavonoid contents (TFCs) in all
extracts prepared: 85.13–244.63 mg CE/g CISE vs. 47.41–166.28 mg
CE/g CISE. The relatively large amount of condensed tannin in CISE
was also reported by other researchers