solubilized fat, and feces are principal sources of BOD in poultry processing wastewaters. As with meat processing wastewaters, the efficacy of blood collection is a significant factor in determining BOD concentration in poultry processing wastewaters. Another significant factor in determining the BOD of poultry processing wastewaters is the degree to which manure (urine and feces), especially from receiving areas, is handled separately as a solid waste. Chicken and turkey manures have BOD concentrations in excess of 40,000 mg/ kg on an as excreted basis (American Society of Agricultural Engineers 1999).