This line of research has continued. In 1989, researchers replicated Schein’s studies to see whether the sex-role stereotypes of the 1970s had persisted. Interestingly, men still viewed successful managers as masculine. In contrast, women saw men and women as equally likely to possess the characteristics of successful managers (Brenner, Tomkiewicz, and Schein, 1989). In an extension of this approach, Heilman, Block, Martell, and Simon (1989) added the categories men managers, women managers, successful men managers, and successful women managers. Although the addition of these categories reduced stereotyping somewhat, it was still present. And women who were managers or otherwise successful in their jobs were evaluated negatively. In a subsequent study. Heilman, Block, and Martell (1995) found that women managers were characterized as less competent, less active, less emotionally stable, less independent, and less rational than male managers. Thus, sex-role stereotyping continues to prevail in managerial jobs even in modern times. People may make judgments about individuals with whom they have had no interaction based solely on stereotypes. Heilman et al (1995) note that many personnel decisions are made in this way.