Regarding SOE development policies, it is rather obvious that not all investments of equal financial value are equally good for Vietnam. Paradoxically, the country’s resources (almost allocated to SOEs) appear to have been shifting increasingly towards inefficient high-cost, low-return investments and low job creation rather than towards more efficient low-cost, high-return investments and high job creation (UNDP, 2006b; UNDP Vietnam and the Ministry of Planning and Investment, 2010a; Saich, Perkins, Dapice et al 2008).